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The following Asian American associations
support reverse discrimination against Asian Americans. They filed amicus
briefs in Grutter
v. Bollinger (University
of When universities in California, Texas and Washington were barred from considering race, admissions of Asian American applicants jumped. Why are you supporting these
organizations with your membership dues? Asian
American Business Roundtable Asian
American Justice Center Asian
American Legal Defense and Education Fund Asian Law Alliance Asian
Pacific Americans for Progress (apaforprogress.org) Asian Pacific Islander
Legal Outreach (formerly Nihonmachi Legal Outreach) Association
of Asian Indian Women in Ohio
Association
of Asian Pacific Community Health Organizations Chinese
for Affirmative Action D.C.
Asians for Peace and Justice Filipino
Civil Rights Advocates Filipinos
for Affirmative Action Hmong
National Development, Inc. Japanese
American Citizens League Leadership
Education for Asian Pacifics, Inc. National
Association for the Education and Advancement of Cambodian, Laotian and
Vietnamese Americans National
Asian Pacific American Bar Association
National Asian Pacific American Women's Forum National
Coalition for Asian Pacific American Community Development, Inc. National
Council of Asian American Business Associations National
Federation of Filipino American Associations National
Korean American Service & Education Consortium Organization
of Chinese Americans South
Asian Bar Association of Southeast Asia Nov/Dec/1998 Fresh Thinking
About Race in In what passes for
discussions on race these days, small problems are often blown up large, while
real traumas are completely ignored. For instance, despite what President
Clintons "Race Initiative" panel has said, the very rawest racial
conflicts in present-day America dont even fit into the tidy mold of
white-majority-oppressing-colored-minority that activists constantly promote.
Though civil rights groups and most of the media studiously ignore this fact,
the nations most fractious racial battles are now conflicts between minority
populations. Particularly horrific is the animosity directed at Asian Americans
by blacks in low-income areas of urban After a few years, I began
to speak English, but not well enough to trade racial insults. On rides home
from school I avoided the back of the bus so as not to be beaten up. But even
when I sat in the front, fire crackers, paper balls, small rocks, and profanity
were thrown at me and the other "stupid Chinamen." The label
"Chinamen" was dished out indiscriminately to Vietnamese, Koreans, and
other Asians. When I looked around, I saw that the other "Chinamen"
tuned out the insults by eagerly discussing movies, friends, and school. During my secondary school
years, racism, and then the combination of outrage and bitterness that it
fosters, accompanied me home on the bus every day. My English was by now more
fluent than that of those who insulted me, but most of the time I still said
nothing to avoid being beaten up. In addition to everything else thrown at me, a
few times a week I was the target of sexual remarks vulgar enough to make Howard
Stern blush. When I did respond to the insults, I immediately faced physical
threats or attacks, along with the embarrassing fact that the other
"Chinamen" around me simply continued their quiet personal
conversations without intervening. The reality was that those who cursed my race
and ethnicity were far bigger in size than most of the Asian children who sat
silently. The racial harassment
wasnt limited to bus rides. It surfaced in my high school cafeteria, where a
middle-aged Chinese vendor who spoke broken English was told by rowdy students
each day at lunch time to "Hurry up, you dumb Ching!" On the
sidewalks, black teenagers and adults would creep up behind 80-year-old Asians
and frighten them with sing-song nonsense: "Yee-ya, Ching-chong, ah-ee, un-yahhh!"
At markets and in the streets of poor black neighborhoods, Asians would be told,
"Why the hell dont you just go back to where you came from!" When it came time for
college, I left this ugly world for a beautiful school far away. Finally, it was
possible to pursue a life without racial harassment backed by the threat of
violence. I chose not to return to my old neighborhood after college, but I am
often reminded of the racial discrimination I endured there. On a bus not too
long ago I saw a black woman curse at a Korean man, "You f---ing Chinese
person! Didnt you hear that I asked you to move yo ass? You too stupid to
understand English or something?" In poor neighborhoods
across this country Asians endure daily racial hatred just as I did. Because of
their language deficiencies, their small size, their fear of violent
confrontations, they endure in silence. Unlike me, many of them will never
depart for a new life in a beautiful place far, far away. So each day they grow
more bitter against a group that much of In a fair and peaceful
world, racial harassment will be decried without regard to its source. The
problem today is that prominent black leaders rule out even the possibility of
black racism. Activists like Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson intone that racism
equals "prejudice plus power," and that since blacks in Rationalizers of black
racism ignore the fact that identical actions inflicted by whites would be
universally decried as intolerable. Ultimately, their arguments simply grease
the skids for further traumatizing of "unlucky" victims. And to
real-life casualties of racial animosity, motivation is not especially relevant.
Loss is loss. Pain is pain. Unfortunately, Asian
Americansand especially their leadershave failed to speak out on this
matter. Complaints from wounded individuals regularly boil into public view,
however. In mid-August, I attended a crowded press conference held in Rose Tsai, head of the San
Francisco Neighbors Association, and candidate for a seat on the citys Board
of Supervisors, suggests that everyday Asians rarely defend themselves against
ghetto racism because "Asian culture is just not that confrontational.
Asians are unlike blacks who got to where they are in politics by being
militant." Tsai explains that Asian
involvement in politics is at a nascent stage, that it is difficult for her
organization even to convince Asian immigrants to vote, let alone make a
political stink against racial harassment. "Asians are just not used to
standing up for our own rights," says another Bay Area Chinese activist
with frustration. That might explain the
quiescence of recent immigrants who speak imperfect English. But what about the
growing cadre of Asian activists? They are far from passive or
non-confrontational. In just the past two years, organizations like the Asian
American Legal Defense Fund, the National Asian-Pacific American Legal
Consortium, the Organization for Chinese Americans, and others have voiced loud
condemnations of "racism" in American society. But they have focused
on events like the recent investigation of Asian donors of illegal campaign
funds, the Republican opposition in Congress to Bill Lann Lees nomination as
director of the Office of Civil Rights, a cover drawing for National Review that
showed the President, Vice President, and First Lady dressed in Manchurian garb,
and even a recent cover photo for this magazine that showed a handsome Asian
male scowling angrily at the camera. If vocal Asian activists
are able to work themselves into a frenzy attacking everyday political tussles
and editorial cartoons for their alleged racist motivations, they are obviously
capable of confrontation. Why then do we never hear these national activists
condemning black racism against Asians in our inner cities? Some Asian-American
activists say the reason they have not confronted anti-Asian racism among blacks
is because the tension does not exist on the national level, but is merely
confined to some local areas. Karen Narasaki of the National Asian-Pacific
American Legal Consortium claimed in a recent interview that black animosity is
different in each city and ought to be handled differently in each case by local
organizations. David Lee, executive director of one such local organization, the
San Francisco Voters Education Committee, concurs: "There may be a few
communities and a few areas where tensions existso it is better for community
groups rather than a national organization like the Organization of Chinese
Americans to deal with such problems." Representatives of national
Asian organizations also cite resource constraints to explain their quiescence.
They say black-Asian clashes are not a serious enough national issue to expend
scarce time and money on. There is a difference,
however, between not being able to expend effort and not wanting to. Asian
activists on the national level also matter-of-factly justify black racism in
inner cities as a direct result of competition between Asians and their black
neighbors over limited economic resources. Narasaki, while acknowledging she is
not an inner city expert, insists that many black and Asian conflicts "have
to do with the lack of economic opportunities" in cities. Echoing this
refrain, Stanley Mark, program director of the Asian American Legal Defense
Fund, asserts that "we cant talk about race without talking about
economic disparities." In this vein, Asian
activists consistently mention that racial problems occur when Asian merchants
move into predominantly black neighborhoods and flourish. The vicious year-long
black boycott of a Korean store in Brooklyn in 1990, and the looting and burning
of Korean stores in south-central Los Angeles during the 1992 Rodney King riots
serve as shining examples of conflicts linked to economic disparities. The excuse of economic
disparities fails miserably to justify violence and harassment, however. For
some observers, it also brings up memories of Nazi persecution of Jews, African
attacks on Indian merchants, and recent murders, rapes, and robberies of ethnic
Chinese in In any case, the economic
disparities rationale falls apart in the many instances where racism flourishes
in the absence of class differences. At Joe Hicks, executive
director of the Los Angeles City Human Relations Commission, painstakingly tried
to bring blacks and Asians together after the Rodney King riots. He believes
that "much of the hostilities are due to blacks jealousy of Asian
economic success, a sense of alienation, and the self-perpetuating belief that
blacks will always lose out in the racial equation in Asian activists who are not
otherwise inclined to ignore prejudice are often strangely anxious to apologize
for black racism. In interviews, they note that Asians harbor many prejudices
against blacks too. This explanation, however, has no power to explain the kind
of harassment I and many others like me experienced as young immigrant children
beginning life with no animus toward anyone. Asian prejudice toward
blacks surely exists. But whatever biases might be harbored in the minds of
Asian immigrants, many of whom had never seen a black person before arriving in
the U.S., they certainly dont rate at the level of destroying black
peoples property, scaring their elderly folk, or threatening and assaulting
their childrenthe kinds of pressures Asians in many urban areas now endure
routinely. Asian youths in particular typically start out with little or no
inclination to distrust or dislike African Americans. Young Asians are usually
far more willing than their parents to accept a new country and new friends,
including black ones. In many cases, it was only after innumerable frightening
chases, assaults, and humiliations that Asian attitudes toward blacks turned
defensive. Those of us whose open minds were confronted with hostility and
hatred will never accept the insulting assertion that our suffering resulted
from our own prejudices. It seems that leaders of
the Organization of Chinese Americans, the Asian American Legal Defense Fund,
and related groups are disconnected from the real concerns of many of the Asians
they claim to represent. David Lee, whose Bay Area organization is attempting to
promote local dialogue among minority journalists, believes that a fundamental
disconnection exists between the national Asian spokesmen and the new majority
of Asians who are recent immigrants. The prominent Asian civil rights leaders,
he notes, tend to be American born, to speak little of their ethnic languages,
and to be unable to read the local ethnic newspapers. Many of them do not know
or understand the problems in low income areas, because they live comfortable
middle-class lives. And so "it is not surprising that they are silent about
black-on-Asian discrimination," Lee summarizes. Bong Hwan Kim, executive
director of the Korean Youth and Community Center in Stanley Mark of the Asian
American Legal Defense Fund argues in defense of the national Asian
organizations that people hear less from the Asian leaders about black-on-Asian
racism than white-on-Asian racism simply because there is less of the former
than the latter. Mark insists he knows of no case where an Asian was seriously
hurt or killed by a racist black American. Underlining the disconnect
between national and local perceptions, Liu Yu-xi, an organizer of the New York
coalition of Chinese Americans that mobilized hundreds of thousands of normally
politically apathetic Chinese to protest Indonesian violence against Chinese
residents, chuckled at Stanley Marks ignorance of cases of black racism. Liu,
who has known of many racially motivated physical attacks against Chinese in When asked why prominent
Asians have said little about racial harassment by African Americans, Bill Tam
of Rose Tsai of the San
Francisco Neighbors Association was a little more blunt: "Most Asian
leaders do not wish to acknowledge that there exists a problem because they do
not want the minorities to fight amongst themselves." As a result, national
Asian spokesmen speaking for their brethren are without any inkling of the real
problems they face, or what kind of racism is dragging them down. Recognizing
the complex issues between blacks and Asians, Philip Nguyen of the Southeast
Asian Community Center has a simple proposal: "Fight, not against or for
any group, but against racial discrimination." Ying Ma, who immigrated to
the |